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Court orders for such surveillance did not require probable cause (a showing of facts that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the surveillance would be likely to uncover evidence of criminal activity by the target) but only a certification by the government that the information sought was likely to be relevant to a criminal investigation. Section 216 permitted the use of trap-and-trace devices and pen registers-which record the source and destination, respectively, of calls made to and from a particular telephone-to monitor electronic communications, understood to include e-mail and Web browsing. In Section 210 the act added individual subscribers’ credit card or bank account numbers to records that could be obtained from a communication services provider through a subpoena. Section 209 established that voice mail was not entitled to the same protections that governed telephone conversations but only to the weaker safeguards applicable to telephone records and e-mail stored with third parties (usually an Internet service provider). Sections 201 and 202 of the USA PATRIOT Act added computer and terrorist crimes to the list of serious offenses in connection with which law-enforcement officials could seek a court order to conduct eavesdropping. Some key provisions of the legislation consisted of amendments to the Wiretap Act (1968 amended 19), which had prohibited eavesdropping by the government on private face-to-face, telephone, and electronic communications except as authorized by court order in narrowly defined circumstances in cases of serious crimes. The Senate adopted (98–1) the House bill without amendment on October 25, and the following day Bush signed the measure into law. On October 23 the House introduced a compromise bill, the USA PATRIOT Act, which was passed (357–66) the following day. The House measure, which included much of the text of the Senate’s USA Act, was passed (337–79) on October 12 as the Uniting and Strengthening America (USA) Act. The eventual Senate bill, the Uniting and Strengthening America (USA) Act, was passed (96–1) on October 11. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, the Bush administration submitted to Congress draft legislation designed to expand the powers of the government to surveil, investigate, and detain suspected terrorists. It also defined a host of new crimes and increased penalties for existing ones. The USA PATRIOT Act, as amended and reauthorized from 2003, made numerous changes to existing statutes relating to the privacy of telephone and electronic communications, the operation of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, money laundering, immigration, and other areas. Bush in October 2001, that significantly expanded the search and surveillance powers of federal law-enforcement and intelligence agencies. legislation, passed by Congress in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and signed into law by Pres. #Does the patriot act abridge essential freedom fullUSA PATRIOT Act, also called PATRIOT Act, in full Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, U.S.
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